function checkDouble(evt, strValue) {
    var iKeyCode = (evt.which) ? evt.which : event.keyCode;

    //if( iKeyCode <= 46 || iKeyCode > 58 || iKeyCode==47)
    if (iKeyCode <= 46 || iKeyCode > 57 || iKeyCode == 47) {

        // handle "." case
        if (iKeyCode == 46) {

            var is_dot = strValue.indexOf('.');
            if (is_dot == -1) {
                return true;
            }
            else {

                iKeyCode = 0;
                return false;
            }
        }
        else if (iKeyCode != 8 && iKeyCode != 13 && iKeyCode != 9) {
            //alert(iKeyCode);
            //iKeyCode= 0;

            //alert("Please enter Numeric or Decimal value");
            return false;
        }
        else if (iKeyCode == 8 || iKeyCode == 9) {
            return true;
        }
        else {
            iKeyCode = 0;
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

function checkInteger(evt, strValue) {
    var iKeyCode = (evt.which) ? evt.which : event.keyCode;

    //if( iKeyCode <= 46 || iKeyCode > 58 || iKeyCode==47)
    if (iKeyCode <= 47 || iKeyCode > 57 || iKeyCode == 47) {

        if (iKeyCode != 8 && iKeyCode != 13 && iKeyCode != 9) {
            //alert("Please enter Numeric or Decimal value");
            return false;
        }
        else if (iKeyCode == 8 || iKeyCode == 9) {
            return true;
        }
        else {
            iKeyCode = 0;
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

Types of Inheritance in C#.NET

Creating a new class from existing class is called as inheritance.

Inheritance with Example

Inheritance can be classified to 5 types.

1. Single Inheritance
2. Hierarchical Inheritance
3. Multi Level Inheritance
4. Hybrid Inheritance
5. Multiple Inheritance

1. Single Inheritance

when a single derived class is created from a single base class then the inheritance is called as single inheritance.





2. Hierarchical Inheritance

when more than one derived class are created from a single base class, then that inheritance is called as hierarchical inheritance.




3. Multi Level Inheritance

when a derived class is created from another derived class, then that inheritance is called as multi level inheritance.




4. Hybrid Inheritance

Any combination of single, hierarchical and multi level inheritances is called as hybrid inheritance.





5. Multiple Inheritance

when a derived class is created from more than one base class then that inheritance is called as multiple inheritance. But multiple inheritance is not supported by .net using classes and can be done using interfaces.




Handling the complexity that causes due to multiple inheritance is very complex. Hence it was not supported in dotnet with class and it can be done with interfaces.

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[AdminSectionFactLinkSave]
        @RegXML AS XML
AS
BEGIN   

    BEGIN TRY
       
    BEGIN TRANSACTION   

    DECLARE @SectionFact AS INT
       

            DELETE FROM SectionFactKnowFactLink WHERE SFKF_SFID IN (
            SELECT SectionFactLink.ITEM.query('./SFKF_SFID').value('.','INT')
            FROM @RegXML.nodes('/DocumentElement/SectionFactLink') AS SectionFactLink(ITEM))


            INSERT INTO SectionFactKnowFactLink(SFKF_SFID,SFKF_KFMasterID)
            SELECT SectionFactLink.ITEM.query('./SFKF_SFID').value('.','INT'),
            SectionFactLink.ITEM.query('./SFKF_KFMasterID').value('.','INT')
            FROM @RegXML.nodes('/DocumentElement/SectionFactLink') AS SectionFactLink(ITEM)           
            WHERE SectionFactLink.ITEM.query('./SFKF_KFMasterID').value('.','INT') > 0
   
        COMMIT
        RETURN 0

    END TRY

    BEGIN CATCH
        EXEC CatchError
        IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0 ROLLBACK
        RETURN -1
    END CATCH

END


****************************************************************************
Catch Error:


CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[CatchError]   
AS

BEGIN
   
    --To keep the error message
    Declare @ErrMsg as varchar(1000)
   
    BEGIN TRY 
       
        INSERT INTO dbo.Error_Log(Error_Date,Error_Msg,Error_Number,Error_Source )
        SELECT DATEADD(HOUR, 20, GETDATE()), ERROR_MESSAGE() ,ERROR_NUMBER(), ERROR_PROCEDURE()


    END TRY 
 
    BEGIN CATCH 
    
    END CATCH
   
    set @ErrMsg = ERROR_MESSAGE()
   
    Raiserror(@ErrMsg -- Error Message
        , 16 --Severity Level
        , 1 --State
        )

END

WebRequest request;
        WebResponse response;
        String strMSG = string.Empty;
        request = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(“http://www.tradeget.com/images/topimg.jpg”));
        request.Method = “HEAD”;
        try
        {
            response = request.GetResponse();
            strMSG = string.Format(“{0} {1}”, response.ContentLength, response.ContentType);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            //In case of File not Exist Server return the (404) Error
            strMSG = ex.Message;
        }

        lblMSG.Text = strMSG;

What is normalization? Explain different levels of normalization?
Check out the article Q100139 from Microsoft knowledge base and of course, there's much more information available in the net. It will be a good idea to get a hold of any RDBMS fundamentals text book, especially the one by C. J. Date. Most of the times, it will be okay if you can explain till third normal form.
What is de-normalization and when would you go for it?
As the name indicates, de-normalization is the reverse process of normalization. It is the controlled introduction of redundancy in to the database design. It helps improve the query performance as the number of joins could be reduced.
How do you implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?
One-to-One relationship can be implemented as a single table and rarely as two tables with primary and foreign key relationships. One-to-Many relationships are implemented by splitting the data into two tables with primary key and foreign key relationships. Many-to-Many relationships are implemented using a junction table with the keys from both the tables forming the composite primary key of the junction table.
It will be a good idea to read up a database designing fundamentals text book.
What's the difference between a primary key and a unique key?
Both primary key and unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a non-clustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key does not allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.
What are user defined data types and when you should go for them?
User defined data types let you extend the base SQL Server data types by providing a descriptive name, and format to the database. Take for example, in your database, there is a column called Flight_Num which appears in many tables. In all these tables it should be varchar(8). In this case you could create a user defined data type called Flight_num_type of varchar(8) and use it across all your tables.
See sp_addtype, sp_droptype in books online.
What is bit data type and what's the information that can be stored inside a bit column?
Bit data type is used to store Boolean information like 1 or 0 (true or false). Until SQL Server 6.5 bit data type could hold either a 1 or 0 and there was no support for NULL. But from SQL Server 7.0 onwards, bit data type can represent a third state, which is NULL.
Define candidate key, alternate key, composite key.
A candidate key is one that can identify each row of a table uniquely. Generally a candidate key becomes the primary key of the table. If the table has more than one candidate key, one of them will become the primary key, and the rest are called alternate keys.
A key formed by combining at least two or more columns is called composite key.
What are defaults? Is there a column to which a default cannot be bound?
A default is a value that will be used by a column, if no value is supplied to that column while inserting data. IDENTITY columns and timestamp columns can't have defaults bound to them. See CREATE DEFAULT in books online.
What is a transaction and what are ACID properties?
A transaction is a logical unit of work in which, all the steps must be performed or none. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. These are the properties of a transaction. For more information and explanation of these properties, see SQL Server books online or any RDBMS fundamentals text book.
Explain different isolation levels
An isolation level determines the degree of isolation of data between concurrent transactions. The default SQL Server isolation level is Read Committed. Here are the other isolation levels (in the ascending order of isolation): Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable. See SQL Server books online for an explanation of the isolation levels. Be sure to read about SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL, which lets you customize the isolation level at the connection level.
CREATE INDEX myIndex ON myTable (myColumn)
What type of Index will get created after executing the above statement?
Non-clustered index. Important thing to note: By default a clustered index gets created on the primary key, unless specified otherwise.
What is the maximum size of a row?
8060 bytes. Do not be surprised with questions like 'What is the maximum number of columns per table'. Check out SQL Server books online for the page titled: "Maximum Capacity Specifications".
Explain Active/Active and Active/Passive cluster configurations
Hopefully you have experience setting up cluster servers. But if you do not, at least be familiar with the way clustering works and the two clustering configurations Active/Active and Active/Passive. SQL Server books online has enough information on this topic and there is a good white paper available on Microsoft site.
Explain the architecture of SQL Server
This is a very important question and you better be able to answer it if consider yourself a DBA. SQL Server books online is the best place to read about SQL Server architecture. Read up the chapter dedicated to SQL Server Architecture.
What is Lock Escalation?
Lock escalation is the process of converting a lot of low level locks (like row locks, page locks) into higher level locks (like table locks). Every lock is a memory structure too many locks would mean, more memory being occupied by locks. To prevent this from happening, SQL Server escalates the many fine-grain locks to fewer coarse-grain locks. Lock escalation threshold was definable in SQL Server 6.5, but from SQL Server 7.0 onwards it's dynamically managed by SQL Server.
What's the difference between DELETE TABLE and TRUNCATE TABLE commands?
DELETE TABLE is a logged operation, so the deletion of each row gets logged in the transaction log, which makes it slow. TRUNCATE TABLE also deletes all the rows in a table, but it will not log the deletion of each row, instead it logs the de-allocation of the data pages of the table, which makes it faster. Of course, TRUNCATE TABLE can be rolled back.
Explain the storage models of OLAP
Check out MOLAP, ROLAP and HOLAP in SQL Server books online for more information.
What are the new features introduced in SQL Server 2000 (or the latest release of SQL Server at the time of your interview)? What changed between the previous version of SQL Server and the current version?
This question is generally asked to see how current is your knowledge. Generally there is a section in the beginning of the books online titled "What's New", which has all such information. Of course, reading just that is not enough, you should have tried those things to better answer the questions. Also check out the section titled "Backward Compatibility" in books online which talks about the changes that have taken place in the new version.
What are constraints? Explain different types of constraints.
Constraints enable the RDBMS enforce the integrity of the database automatically, without needing you to create triggers, rule or defaults.
Types of constraints: NOT NULL, CHECK, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY
For an explanation of these constraints see books online for the pages titled: "Constraints" and "CREATE TABLE", "ALTER TABLE"
What is an index? What are the types of indexes? How many clustered indexes can be created on a table? I create a separate index on each column of a table. what are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach?
Indexes in SQL Server are similar to the indexes in books. They help SQL Server retrieve the data quicker.
Indexes are of two types. Clustered indexes and non-clustered indexes. When you create a clustered index on a table, all the rows in the table are stored in the order of the clustered index key. So, there can be only one clustered index per table. Non-clustered indexes have their own storage separate from the table data storage. Non-clustered indexes are stored as B-tree structures (so do clustered indexes), with the leaf level nodes having the index key and it's row locater. The row located could be the RID or the Clustered index key, depending up on the absence or presence of clustered index on the table.
If you create an index on each column of a table, it improves the query performance, as the query optimizer can choose from all the existing indexes to come up with an efficient execution plan. At the same time, data modification operations (such as INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) will become slow, as every time data changes in the table, all the indexes need to be updated. Another disadvantage is that, indexes need disk space, the more indexes you have, more disk space is used.
What is RAID and what are different types of RAID configurations?
RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, used to provide fault tolerance to database servers. There are six RAID levels 0 through 5 offering different levels of performance, fault tolerance. MSDN has some information about RAID levels and for detailed information, check out the RAID advisory board's homepage
What are the steps you will take to improve performance of a poor performing query?
This is a very open ended question and there could be a lot of reasons behind the poor performance of a query. But some general issues that you could talk about would be: No indexes, table scans, missing or out of date statistics, blocking, excess recompilations of stored procedures, procedures and triggers without SET NOCOUNT ON, poorly written query with unnecessarily complicated joins, too much normalization, excess usage of cursors and temporary tables.
Some of the tools/ways that help you troubleshooting performance problems are:

• SET SHOWPLAN_ALL ON,
• SET SHOWPLAN_TEXT ON,
• SET STATISTICS IO ON,
• SQL Server Profiler,
• Windows NT /2000 Performance monitor,
• Graphical execution plan in Query Analyzer.

Download the white paper on performance tuning SQL Server from Microsoft web site.
What are the steps you will take, if you are tasked with securing an SQL Server?
Again this is another open ended question. Here are some things you could talk about: Preferring NT authentication, using server, database and application roles to control access to the data, securing the physical database files using NTFS permissions, using an unguessable SA password, restricting physical access to the SQL Server, renaming the Administrator account on the SQL Server computer, disabling the Guest account, enabling auditing, using multi-protocol encryption, setting up SSL, setting up firewalls, isolating SQL Server from the web server etc.
Read the white paper on SQL Server security from Microsoft website. Also check out My SQL Server security best practices
What is a deadlock and what is a live lock? How will you go about resolving deadlocks?
Deadlock is a situation when two processes, each having a lock on one piece of data, attempt to acquire a lock on the other's piece. Each process  would wait indefinitely for the other to release the lock, unless one of the user processes is terminated. SQL Server detects deadlocks and terminates one user's process.
A livelock is one, where a  request for an exclusive lock is repeatedly denied because a series of overlapping shared locks keeps interfering. SQL Server detects the situation after four denials and refuses further shared locks. A livelock also occurs when read transactions monopolize a table or page, forcing a write transaction to wait indefinitely.
Check out SET DEADLOCK_PRIORITY and "Minimizing Deadlocks"  in SQL Server books online. Also check out the article Q169960 from Microsoft knowledge base.
What is blocking and how would you troubleshoot it?
Blocking happens when one connection from an application holds a lock and a second connection requires a conflicting lock type. This forces the second connection to wait, blocked on the first.
Read up the following topics in SQL Server books online: Understanding and avoiding blocking, Coding efficient transactions.
Explain CREATE DATABASE syntax
Many of us are used to creating databases from the Enterprise Manager or by just issuing the command:
CREATE DATABASE MyDB.
But what if you have to create a database with two file groups, one on drive C and the other on drive D with log on drive E with an initial size of 600 MB and with a growth factor of 15%? That's why being a DBA you should be familiar with the CREATE DATABASE syntax. Check out SQL Server books online for more information.
How to restart SQL Server in single user mode? How to start SQL Server in minimal configuration mode?
SQL Server can be started from command line, using the SQLSERVR.EXE. This EXE has some very important parameters with which a DBA should be familiar with. -m is used for starting SQL Server in single user mode and -f is used to start the SQL Server in minimal configuration mode. Check out SQL Server books online for more parameters and their explanations.
As a part of your job, what are the DBCC commands that you commonly use for database maintenance?
DBCC CHECKDB,
DBCC CHECKTABLE,
DBCC CHECKCATALOG,
DBCC CHECKALLOC,
DBCC SHOWCONTIG,
DBCC SHRINKDATABASE,
DBCC SHRINKFILE etc.
But there are a whole load of DBCC commands which are very useful for DBAs. Check out SQL Server books online for more information.
What are statistics, under what circumstances they go out of date, how do you update them?
Statistics determine the selectivity of the indexes. If an indexed column has unique values then the selectivity of that index is more, as opposed to an index with non-unique values. Query optimizer uses these indexes in determining whether to choose an index or not while executing a query.
Some situations under which you should update statistics:

1. If there is significant change in the key values in the index
2. If a large amount of data in an indexed column has been added, changed, or removed (that is, if the distribution of key values has changed), or the table has been truncated using the TRUNCATE TABLE statement and then repopulated
3. Database is upgraded from a previous version

Look up SQL Server books online for the following commands:
UPDATE STATISTICS,
STATS_DATE,
DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS,
CREATE STATISTICS,
DROP STATISTICS,
sp_autostats,
sp_createstats,
sp_updatestats
What are the different ways of moving data/databases between servers and databases in SQL Server?
There are lots of options available, you have to choose your option depending upon your requirements. Some of the options you have are:
BACKUP/RESTORE,
Detaching and attaching databases,
Replication,
DTS,
BCP,
logshipping,
INSERT...SELECT,
SELECT...INTO,
creating INSERT scripts to generate data.
Explain different types of BACKUPs available in SQL Server? Given a particular scenario, how would you go about choosing a backup plan?
Types of backups you can create in SQL Sever 7.0+ are Full database backup, differential database backup, transaction log backup, filegroup backup. Check out the BACKUP and RESTORE commands in SQL Server books online. Be prepared to write the commands in your interview. Books online also has information on detailed backup/restore architecture and when one should go for a particular kind of backup.
What is database replication? What are the different types of replication you can set up in SQL Server?
Replication is the process of copying/moving data between databases on the same or different servers. SQL Server supports the following types of replication scenarios:
    * Snapshot replication
    * Transactional replication (with immediate updating subscribers, with queued updating subscribers)
    * Merge replication
See SQL Server books online for in-depth coverage on replication. Be prepared to explain how different replication agents function, what are the main system tables used in replication etc.
How to determine the service pack currently installed on SQL Server?
The global variable @@Version stores the build number of the sqlservr.exe, which is used to determine the service pack installed. To know more about this process visit SQL Server service packs and versions.
What are cursors? Explain different types of cursors. What are the disadvantages of cursors? How can you avoid cursors?
Cursors allow row-by-row processing of the resultsets.
Types of cursors:
Static,
Dynamic,
Forward-only,
Keyset-driven.
See books online for more information.
Disadvantages of cursors: Each time you fetch a row from the cursor, it results in a network roundtrip, where as a normal SELECT query makes only one round trip, however large the resultset is. Cursors are also costly because they require more resources and temporary storage (results in more IO operations). Further, there are restrictions on the SELECT statements that can be used with some types of cursors.
Most of the times, set based operations can be used instead of cursors. Here is an example:
If you have to give a flat hike to your employees using the following criteria:
Salary between 30000 and 40000 -- 5000 hike
Salary between 40000 and 55000 -- 7000 hike
Salary between 55000 and 65000 -- 9000 hike
In this situation many developers tend to use a cursor, determine each employee's salary and update his salary according to the above formula. But the same can be achieved by multiple update statements or can be combined in a single UPDATE statement as shown below:
UPDATE tbl_emp SET salary =
CASE WHEN salary BETWEEN 30000 AND 40000 THEN salary + 5000
WHEN salary BETWEEN 40000 AND 55000 THEN salary + 7000
WHEN salary BETWEEN 55000 AND 65000 THEN salary + 10000
END
Another situation in which developers tend to use cursors: You need to call a stored procedure when a column in a particular row meets certain condition. You don't have to use cursors for this. This can be achieved using WHILE loop, as long as there is a unique key to identify each row.
Write down the general syntax for a SELECT statements covering all the options.
Here's the basic syntax: (Also checkout SELECT in books online for advanced syntax).
SELECT select_list
[INTO new_table_]
FROM table_source
[WHERE search_condition]
[GROUP BY group_by__expression]
[HAVING search_condition]
[ORDER BY order__expression [ASC | DESC] ]
What is a join and explain different types of joins?
Joins are used in queries to explain how different tables are related. Joins also let you select data from a table depending upon data from another table.
Types of joins:
INNER JOINs,
OUTER JOINs,
CROSS JOINs
OUTER JOINs are further classified as
LEFT OUTER JOINS,
RIGHT OUTER JOINS and
FULL OUTER JOINS.
For more information see pages from books online titled: "Join Fundamentals" and "Using Joins".
Can you have a nested transaction?
Yes, very much. Check out BEGIN TRAN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVE TRAN and @@TRANCOUNT
What is an extended stored procedure? Can you instantiate a COM object by using T-SQL?
An extended stored procedure is a function within a DLL (written in a programming language like C, C++ using Open Data Services (ODS) API) that can be called from T-SQL, just the way we call normal stored procedures using the EXEC statement. See books online to learn how to create extended stored procedures and how to add them to SQL Server.
Yes, you can instantiate a COM (written in languages like VB, VC++) object from T-SQL by using sp_OACreate stored procedure.
Also see books online for sp_OAMethod, sp_OAGetProperty, sp_OASetProperty, sp_OADestroy.
What is the system function to get the current user's user id?
USER_ID(). Also check out other system functions like
USER_NAME(),
SYSTEM_USER,
SESSION_USER,
CURRENT_USER,
USER,
SUSER_SID(),
HOST_NAME().
What are triggers? How many triggers you can have on a table? How to invoke a trigger on demand?
Triggers are special kind of stored procedures that get executed automatically when an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE operation takes place on a table.
In SQL Server 6.5 you could define only 3 triggers per table, one for INSERT, one for UPDATE and one for DELETE. From SQL Server 7.0 onwards, this restriction is gone, and you could create multiple triggers per each action. But in 7.0 there's no way to control the order in which the triggers fire. In SQL Server 2000 you could specify which trigger fires first or fires last using sp_settriggerorder
Triggers cannot be invoked on demand. They get triggered only when an associated action (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) happens on the table on which they are defined.
Triggers are generally used to implement business rules, auditing. Triggers can also be used to extend the referential integrity checks, but wherever possible, use constraints for this purpose, instead of triggers, as constraints are much faster.
Till SQL Server 7.0, triggers fire only after the data modification operation happens. So in a way, they are called post triggers. But in SQL Server 2000 you could create pre triggers also. Search SQL Server 2000 books online for INSTEAD OF triggers.
Also check out books online for 'inserted table', 'deleted table' and COLUMNS_UPDATED()
There is a trigger defined for INSERT operations on a table, in an OLTP system. The trigger is written to instantiate a COM object and pass the newly inserted rows to it for some custom processing.
What do you think of this implementation? Can this be implemented better?
Instantiating COM objects is a time consuming process and since you are doing it from within a trigger, it slows down the data insertion process. Same is the case with sending emails from triggers. This scenario can be better implemented by logging all the necessary data into a separate table, and have a job which periodically checks this table and does the needful.

In Database Systems What Is Meant By Referential Integrity?

Referential integrity is a rule that also helps in maintaining the organized form of data. It preserves the relationships defined between the data entities during the data updates. In the case of relational data model, relations/tables are the data entities. All these entities in a database are connected with on another via one or more attributes. These attributes are normally called 'primary key 'of the table.

By applying the rules of referential integrity, you ensures that no any update can be effective that destroy the relations defined between tables , i.e. no any value of foreign key can be entered that does not has a corresponding primary key value in the related table.
In a database, data is stored in more than one relation, thus complete information about an entity may be stored in more than one tables. When two relations/tables are linked with each other through a relationship, one is called a master table and other is called child table.

The referential integrity rules are used in such cases to provide the following advantages:
1. If the record does not exist in master table, it can not be stored in child table.
2. A record can not be deleted from master table unless that record is deleted first from relevant child table

What Is The Scope Of Good Database Design?

1. Easy to locate the data or information in no time.
2. No redundant data.
3. No repetition.
4. More security. Like if one is accessing or changing the data other can not change the same data at that time.
5. Table references (keys like : Primary and foreign keys) are easy to maintain.

What Is A Key? Describe Different Types Of Keys Used In Database?

Key
A key is a single or combination of multiple fields. Its purpose is to access or retrieve data rows from table according to the requirement. The keys are defined in tables to access or sequence the stored data quickly and smoothly. They are also used to create links between different tables.

Types of Keys
The following tables or relations will be used to define different types of keys.

Primary Key
The attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies a row or record in a relation is known as primary key.

Secondary key
A field or combination of fields that is basis for retrieval is known as secondary key. Secondary key is a non-unique field. One secondary key value may refer to many records.

Candidate Key or Alternate key
A relation can have only one primary key. It may contain many fields or combination of fields that can be used as primary key. One field or combination of fields is used as primary key. The fields or combination of fields that are not used as primary key are known as candidate key or alternate key.
Composite key or concatenate key
A primary key that consists of two or more attributes is known as composite key.

Sort Or control key
A field or combination of fields that is used to physically sequence the stored data called sort key. It is also known s control key.

Foreign Key
A foreign key is an attribute or combination of attribute in a relation whose value match a primary key in another relation. The table in which foreign key is created is called as dependent table. The table to which foreign key is refers is known as parent table

Discuss Different Types Of Queries Use In Any Database?

What is Access Modifier?

Objects in .NET are created from a class, struct, etc.  These definitions, as well as the properties, methods, or events within them, use an access modifer that determines who can access it.  A class or structure outside of the current class definition or even the in different projects have different access rights depending on the type of accessor used.  Take a look at the accessors below:
Access modifiers determine the extent to which a variable or method can be accessed from another class or object

The following five accessibility levels can be specified using the access modifiers

    * Private
    * Protected
    * Internal
    * Protected internal
    * Public 
public
This makes the member visible globally
Eg. class Gremlin { public Gremlin spawn() { return new Gremlin(); } }

protected
This makes the member visible to the current class and to child classes.  Protected members are only accessible in the same class or through inherited classes.
Eg. class ParentClass { protected int valueA; }
class ChildClass { public void doSomething() { valueA = 3; } }

private
This makes the member visible only to the current class.
Eg. class MyCollection { private int lastIndex; }

internal / Friend
This makes the member visible within the same assembly.
Eg. internal class ProprietaryStuff { }

protected internal / Protected Friend
A combination of protected and internal.  This makes the member visible within the same assembly and also makes the member visible to an inheriting class. An inheriting class does not need to be in the same assembly to access the member.
***********************************************************************************

Dotnet Framework Interview Questions for 1 Year Experience:

1. What is CLR and it's functions?
2. How memory is managed in Dotnet applications?
Hint: Automatically by Garbage collector
3. What is an assembly?
4. What is a strong name?
5. What is MSIL?

C# Interview Questions for 1 Year Experience:

1. What are the 4 pillars of Object Oriented Programming?
2. What is a Class? What is an Object?
3. What is a partial class?
4. What is a sealed class?
5. What is constructor?
6. What is stringbuilder?

ADO.Net Interview Questions for 1 Year Experience:

1. What is connection string?
2. What is Datareader?
3. Difference between Dataset and datareader?
4. What is Ado.Net?
5. Namespace for using sqlserver database?

ASP.Net Interview Questions for 1 Year Experience:

1. What is web.config file and it's use?
2. What is global.asax?
3. What is session?
4. Which all controls you have used in your project?
5. What is gridview?
6. What is Authentication in ASP.Net and types of authentication?

SQL Server Interview Questions for 1 Year Experience:

1. What is Primary key, unique key and difference between them?
2. What is index? Types of index?
3. What is a stored procedure? Why it is better than inline query?
Hint: Stored Procedure is precompiles and has a execution plan. Hence faster execution.
4. You might be asked to write simple query
5. What is inner join

Basic .NET, ASP.NET, OOPS and SQL Server Interview questions and answers.

• What is IL code, CLR, CTS, GAC & GC?
• How can we do Assembly versioning?
• can you explain how ASP.NET application life cycle and page life cycle events fire?
• What is the problem with Functional Programming?
• Can you define OOP and the 4 principles of OOP?
• What are Classes and Objects?
• What is Inheritance?
• What is Polymorphism, overloading, overriding and virtual?
• Can you explain encapsulation and abstraction?
• What is an abstract class?
• Define Interface & What is the diff. between abstract & interface?
• What problem does Delegate Solve ?
• What is a Multicast delegate ?
• What are events and what's the difference between delegates and events?
• How can we make Asynchronous method calls using delegates ?
• What is a stack, Heap, Value types and Reference types ?
• What is boxing and unboxing ?
• Can you explain ASP.NET application and Page life cycle ?
• What is Authentication, Authorization, Principal & Identity objects?
• How can we do Inproc and outProc session management ?
• How can we windows , forms and passport authentication and authorization in ASP.NET ?
• In a parent child relationship which constructor fires first ?

• How to create a simple "Hello World" using ASP.NET MVC template? - Lab 1
• How to pass data from controller to views? - Lab 2
• Can we see a simple sample of model using MVC template? - Lab 3
• How can we create simple input screens using MVC template? - Lab 4
• How can we create MVC views faster and make them strong typed by using HTML helper? - Lab 5
• Can we see how easy it is do unit testing for MVC application? - Lab 6
• What is MVC routing? - Lab 7
• How can we set default values & validate MVC routes? - Lab 8
• How we can define actions & navigate from one page to other page? - Lab 9

• What is SOA, Services and Messages ?
• What is the difference between Service and Component?
• What are basic steps to create a WCF service ?
• What are endpoints, address, contracts and bindings?
• What are various ways of hosting WCF service?
• What is the difference of hosting a WCF service on IIS and Self hosting?
• What is the difference between BasicHttpBinding and WsHttpBinding?
• How can we do debugging and tracing in WCF?
• Can you explain transactions in WCF (theory)?
• How can we self host WCF service ?
• What are the different ways of implementing WCF Security?
• How can we implement SSL security on WCF(Transport Security)?
• How can we implement transport security plus message security in WCF ?
• How can we do WCF instancing ?
• How Can we do WCF Concurency and throttling?
• Can you explain the architecture of Silverlight ?
• What are the basic things needed to make a silverlight application ?
• How can we do transformations in SilverLight ?
• Can you explain animation fundamentals in SilverLight?
• What are the different layout methodologies in SilverLight?
• Can you explain one way , two way and one time bindings?
• How can we consume WCF service in SilverLight?
• How can we connect databases using SilverLight?
• What is LINQ and can you explain same with example?
• Can you explain a simple example of LINQ to SQL?
• How can we define relationships using LINQ to SQL?
• How can we optimize LINQ relationships queries using ‘DataLoadOptions’?
• Can we see a simple example of how we can do CRUD using LINQ to SQL?
• How can we call a stored procedure using LINQ?
• What is the need of WPF when we had GDI, GDI+ and DirectX?
• Can you explain how we can make a simple WPF application?
• Can you explain the three rendering modes i.e. Tier 0 , Tier 1 and Tier 2?
• Can you explain the Architecture of WPF?
• What is Azure?
• Can you explain Azure Costing?
• Can we see a simple Azure sample program?
• What are the different steps to create a simple Worker application?
• Can we understand Blobs in steps, Tables & Queues ?
• Can we see a simple example for Azure tables?
• What is Package and One click deploy(Deployment Part - 1) ?
• What is Web.config transformation (Deployment Part-2)?
• What is MEF and how can we implement the same?
• How is MEF different from DIIOC?
• Can you show us a simple implementation of MEF in Silverlight ?

• Introduction
• Factory Design Pattern
• Abstract Factory Design Pattern
• Builder Design Pattern
• Prototype Design Pattern
• Singleton Design Pattern
• Adapter Design Pattern
• Bridge Design Pattern
• Composite Design Pattern
• Decorator Design Pattern
• Facade Design Pattern
• Flyweight Design Pattern
• Proxy Design Pattern
• Mediator Design Pattern
• Memento Design Pattern
• Interpreter Design Pattern
• Iterator Design Pattern
• COR Design Pattern
• Command Design Pattren
• State Design Pattern
• Strategy Design Pattern
• Observer Design Pattern
• Template Design Pattern
• Visitor Design Pattern
• Dependency IOC Design pattern
• MVC , MVP , DI IOC and MVVM Training / Interview Questions and Answers

• Introduction
• Use Case Diagrams
• Class Digrams
• Object Diagrams
• Sequence Digrams
• Collaboration Diagrams
• Activity Diagram
• State chart Diagrams
• Component Diagrams
• Deployment Diagrams
• Stereo Types Diagrams
• Package Diagram and UML Project Flow.

• Introduction
• Application Boundary
• EI Fundamentals
• EO Fundamentals
• EQ Fundamentals
• EIF
• Fundamentals
• ILF Fundamentals
• GSC Fundamentals
• Productivity Factor
• Costing and a complete estimation of customer screen using function points.
• FXCOP and Stylecop Training / Interview Questions and Answers

• VSTS questions and answer videos
• What is Unit Testing & can we see an example of the same?
• How can we write data driven test using NUNIT & VS Test?
• Can we see simple example of a unit test for database operation?
• How can we do automated testing using Visual Studio Test?
• How can we do Load Testing using VSTS test?
• Can you explain database unit testing?
• How can we do test coverage using VSTS system?
• How can we do manual Testing using VSTS?
• What is Ordered Test in VSTS test?

• Introduction
• Validation Application Block
• Logging Application Block
• Exception error Handling
• Data Application Block
• Caching Application Block
• Security Application Block
• Policy Injection Application Block and
• Unity Application Block

• Introduction to .NET Projects
• Different levels of Programming
• Necessary Tools
• What should we learn ?
• The IIS
• Making UI using .net IDE
• Database, The SQL Server
• Connecting ASP.net with Database
• Loading the Data Grid
• Update and Delete
• Validations
• Issue with the Code
• Two Tier Architecture
• Three Tier Architecture
• Database Normalization
• Session and State Management
• Using Enterprise Application Block
• Aggregation and Composition
• Implementing Interfaces and Factory
• Inheritance relationship
• Abstract Class Implementation

• What is SharePoint, WSS and MOSS?
• How does WSS actually work?
• What is Site and SiteCollection?
• What is the use of SQL server in SharePoint & use of Virtual path provider?
• What is Ghosting and UnGhosting in SharePoint?
• How can we create a site in SharePoint?
• How can we Customize a SharePoint Site?
• What kind of readymade functional modules exists collaboration?
• Can you display a simple Custom Page in SharePoint?
• How can we implement behind code ASPX pages in SharePoint?
• What is the concept of features in SharePoint?
• I want a feature to be only displayed to admin?
• How do we debug SharePoint error’s?
• Why customized pages are parsed using no-compile mode?
• Can you explain WSS model?
• How can we use custom controls in SharePoint?
• How can we display ASCX control in SharePoint pages?
• What are Web Parts?
• How can we deploy a simple Webpart in SharePoint?
• How can we achieve customization and personalization using WebParts?
• How can we create custom editor for WebPart?
• SharePoint is about centralizing documents, how similar is to the windows folder?
• What are custom fields and content types?
• Can you explain SharePoint Workflows?
• What is a three-state Workflow in SharePoint?
• How can we create sharepoint workflow using sharepoint designer?

• Basics :- Query plan, Logical operators and Logical reads
• Point 1 :- Unique keys improve table scan performance.
• Point 2 :- Choose Table scan for small & Seek scan for large records
• Point 3 :- Use Covering index to reduce RID (Row Identifier) lookup
• Point4:- Keep index size as small as possible.
• Point5:- use numeric as compared to text data type.
• Point6:- use indexed view for aggregated SQL Queries
• Finding high memory consuming functions
• Improve garbage collector performance using finalize/dispose pattern
• How to use performance counters to gather performance data